Whose decision is it whether the patient receives medical care once risks and benefits are explained?

• A. The patient makes the final decision
• B. The physician decides without input
• C. The hospital administration decides
• D. Public health policy decides

Answer: (A)

Patient autonomy is the key idea. After risks, benefits, and alternatives are explained (informed consent), the final decision about whether to receive medical care rests with the patient, provided they are competent to decide. The clinician’s role is to inform, discuss options, and support the patient’s choice, not to override it. System-level bodies like hospital administration or public health policy guide how care is delivered, but they don’t determine an individual’s treatment. If a patient cannot decide, a legally authorized surrogate may decide instead; otherwise, the patient’s own decision takes precedence.